Compare Social Control Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Look at Social Control Methods - Essay Example Furthermore, Geert Hofstede’s Cultural Index has likewise been applied while making the near investigation of the social orders under assessment. Social control is seen to be the framework applied for directing the exercises of the people inside a political set up. In straightforward words, it is the system seen by the political experts for the annihilation of individual and aggregate criminal conduct and deviancy for the insurance and government assistance of the residents. As a matter of fact wrongdoing is suitably expressed as a social wonder that exists in each social foundation of the world since the known mankind's history. Hypotheses have been enunciated and investigates have been directed so as to investigate the explanations for carrying out of violations from one viewpoint, and contriving the strategies to filter the general public from offenses on the other. In spite of the fact that scholars propose political, social, monetary, mental and ethno-racial thought proce sses behind the association of the people into offenses of various types, yet no general public might kill such destructive exercises from the very substance of its way of life. By one way or another, various social orders have built up various social control strategies for the support of harmony and request. ... 07: 231) Thus, dread of being reviled, reprimanded, punished and rebuffed fill in as amazing social control; the equivalent is applied to Pakistan and Israeli societies. Social, political and strict foundations including family, peers, church/mosque, study halls, working environment, social qualities, strict beliefs and law implementing organizations are the strategies for social control in the contemporary period. Pakistan is a south Asian Muslim state, where a greater part professes to be following the Islamic clique, laws and standards. In spite of the fact that the Pakistanis refer to strict convictions in regular exercises, yet they only from time to time watch these lessons in their actual soul. Despite what might be expected, western rules of law have been stylish to officially control the exercises of the individuals. In addition, normal practices, social qualities, restrictions, customs, customs and shows are additionally overall as the consistency expert for the casual soci al control. These customary organizations, including discretionary committees work at neighborhood levels, which are going by the strict and political characters, and decide the disciplines for the culprits. Consequently, in the social orders where the people watch solid family and innate securities, the crime percentage watches huge decay. Social control hypothesis intends to express that solid social bonds cause the hindrance of wrongdoing, while feeble social bonds offer little protection from culpable. (Stall, Farrell and Varano, 2008:1) The equivalent is the situation with Pakistani society, where ladies required into extra conjugal sexual association and infidelity have dread of being slaughtered on account of at least one male relatives including father, sibling, spouse, parents in law and clan. Correspondingly, common and etymological affiliations and bonds deny the individuals to cause hostile assaults upon

Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy

Ladies who smoke is one of the significant reasons for antagonistic results for babies. Many harming impacts are because of moms who smoke contrasted with moms who didn't. Empowering and teaching ladies ahead of schedule of the risks of the adverse impacts of smoking during pregnancy will help diminish the quantity of entanglements and increment the wellbeing for both mother and child. By leading examinations and assessing these techniques will permit us to assemble the essential information to improve and execute projects to help build up a pregnancy that is sheltered and decline the wellbeing dangers from the child. Smoking and Pregnancy Smoking has been known to mess wellbeing up for the individuals who smoke and furthermore for those uncovered around them, known as recycled smoke. One realized normal medical problem is malignant growth among the individuals who smoke. Smoking during pregnancy doesn’t simply influence the mother’s wellbeing, yet additionally puts the fetus’s wellbeing in danger. The perils related with smoking during pregnancy incorporate unsuccessful labor, untimely birth, low birth weight, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), birth surrenders, (for example, congenital fissure or congenital fissure), and even passing (CDC, 2012). Making a solid situation for babies by stopping smoking will decrease the hazard for these wellbeing dangers. The infant will profit by a sound conveyance and be less in danger of being brought into the world too soon. Studies have additionally demonstrated Statistics of Mothers who smoke According to the CDC in the 2008 Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System (PRAMS), ladies who detailed smoking during the most recent three months of pregnancy is roughly 13%. Out of ladies who smoked 3 months before pregnancy, 45% had the option to stop during pregnancy. Among ladies who quit smoking during pregnancy, half backslid inside a half year after conveyance. Ladies who smoked during pregnancy have babies with lower birth rates in contrast with moms who didn't smoke. The main source of baby passings is low birth weight, inside the United States brings about in excess of 300,000 passings every year (CDC, 2012). Research Question What mediations ought to be executed to prevent ladies from smoking during pregnancy? Also, what can profit both mother and infant from maintain a strategic distance from difficulties during pregnancy, conveyance and their general wellbeing. A technique for instructing ladies right on time of the perils of the negative wellbeing impacts that smoking causes on their own wellbeing and the soundness of their infants will make an establishment that will urge them to stop. Making a program that will assess and bolster ladies during and after their pregnancy will help urge them to stay submitted. Theory Creating a smoking end mediation in pregnancy will assist ladies with halting smoking. This will help diminish the wellbeing dangers related with smoking among moms who smoke during pregnancy. Instructing and urging ladies to stop smoking will go about as a help in the difficulties that they may confront. Issues in the Health Care One issue that medicinal services faces with smoking end for ladies that are pregnant is the absence of preparing among experts. Instructing ladies of the threats of smoking during pregnancy is the initial step, however catching up with the best possible intercessions and material used to assist ladies with understanding and persuaded. Another issue is the difficulties that ladies face in the endeavors of stopping. Smoking makes a fixation among the individuals who smoke because of its synthetic compounds that it has. Nicotine is the substance in smoking that makes this compulsion. This compulsion is a type of wild reliance in tobacco smoking to where extreme physical, mental or passionate responses would be brought about by the halting of smoking (Slowik, 2011). Knowing the impacts of smoke to ones wellbeing and particularly to an infants wellbeing is exceptionally inspiring in stopping, however it isn’t simple when the junkie have the difficulties to stop. One out of three prevails with regards to halting for all time before age 60 (Slowik, 2011). Sadly, at this point, the impact of smoking has just harmed the body and some could be irreversible. Research strategies utilized in the wellbeing sciences, and their qualities and shortcomings The examination in helping ladies to quit smoking is in studying pregnant ladies who smoke. The subjective technique is to assess and examination the outcomes. A poll overview in 1992 was completed among general experts, birthing specialists and obstetricians to gauge the conveyance of smoking end intercessions in pregnancy. Most experts among the examination were seen soliciting the status from pregnant ladies, where they recorded smoking status and clarified the dangers of smoking during pregnancy. Less experts offered guidance to ladies on the most proficient method to stop or archive the status of smoking (Clasper and White, 1995). The shortcoming found in the investigation is the need or lacking preparing among the experts. Indeed, even the absence of happiness or troublesomely experienced in giving smoking discontinuance advising was found in the study. The quality in this investigation is on step in making a manual or manual for wellbeing experts. For example, the Pregnets, Smoking Cessation for Pregnant and Post-partum ladies: A Toolkit for Health Professionals. This toolbox is structured as a manual for experts in making a smoking discontinuance for pregnant ladies just as after the conveyance of the infant. This makes accomplishment in accomplishing the objective of urging ladies to quit smoking. After this program includes been actualized concentrates inside this technique could be directed with both subjective and quantitative strategies. Measurable information can be accumulated to refreshed and make changes to existing material. End By social event information in examines an effective smoking suspension could be made for ladies who are pregnant will lessen the wellbeing hazard related with smoking. Knowing the objective people and making techniques in anticipations and mediations in discontinuance smoking will help build up an effective program a protected and solid pregnancy for mother and baby.ReferenceCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, (2012). Tobacco Use and Pregnancy What Are the Effects of Smoking During Pregnancy on the Health of Mothers and Their Babies? Walk 26, 2012. http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/tobaccousepregnancy/. Clasper, Paul and White, Martin. (1995). Smoking Cessation Interventions in Pregnancy: Practice and Views of Midwives, GPs and Ob stetricians. Wellbeing Education Journal. Walk 27, 2012. http://hej.sagepub.com/content/54/2/150.abstract. Slowik, Guy MD. (2011). â€Å"What Is A Smoking Addiction?† EhealthMD. Walk 26, 2012. http://ehealthmd.com/content/what-smoking-enslavement.

What the Rioters Are Reading This Week

What the Rioters Are Reading This Week In this feature at Book Riot, we give you a glimpse of what we are reading this very moment. Here is what the Rioters are reading today (as in literally today). This is what’s on their bedside table (or the floor, work bag, desk, whatevskis). See a Rioter who is reading your favorite book? I’ve included the link that will take you to their author archives (meaning, that magical place that organizes what they’ve written for the site). Gird your loins â€" this list combined with all of those archived posts will make your TBR list EXPLODE. We’ve shown you ours, now show us yours; let us know what you’re reading (right this very moment) in the comment section below! Jamie Canaves Auschwitz #34207: The Joe Rubinstein Story by Nancy Sprowell Geise: A devastating story, beautifully narrated, that should forever be told, known, and remembered. (audiobook) Whatever Happened to Interracial Love?: Stories by Kathleen Collins: I saw this a few months ago listed for ARC request but I passed so I could buy it when it published since I had a feeling I’d want this on my bookshelf. (Hardcover) Everything You Want Me to Be by Mindy Mejia: I don’t think a day goes by where I don’t see the cover for this book somehow so maybe the Universe is telling me to read it? It promises a twist so I’m in! (egalley) Liberty Hardy   Borne by Jeff VanderMeer (MCD, April 25): Omg, this book has broken my brain. Sentient green blobs, bears as tall as skyscrapers VanderMeers brain is a thing of beauty. (e-galley) Selection Day by Aravind Adiga (Scribner, Jan. 3): Confession: I have never read The White Tiger, Adigas prize-winning novel. (e-galley) South and West: From a Notebook by Joan Didion (Knopf, March 7): I mean, how can I not read this, right? (e-galley) Rebecca Hussey Hammer Head by Nina MacLaughlin: I’ve heard many raves about this memoir, which tells the story of how MacLaughlin trained to become a carpenter after years working as a journalist. (Hardcover) The Clothing of Books by Jhumpa Lahiri: I loved Lahiri’s previous book In Other Words and so jumped at the chance to read this short book really a long essay about the meaning and significance of book covers. (ebook) The Best American Essays 2015 by Ariel Levy, editor: I read the Best American Essays series every year, although I’ve fallen behind a bit. So far I’ve read essays by Zadie Smith and Cheryl Strayed, both superb. (Paperback) Molly Wetta The Winter Long by Seanan McGuire: Last December I binged a ton of this series about the Fae set in San Francisco, and I felt like finishing up the last few installments in this fun urban fantasy series.  (library paperback) The Hate U Give by Angie Thomas: I’ve heard nothing but good things about this YA novel inspired by the Black Lives Matter movement. (galley) Tasha Brandstatter Black Ice by Anne Stuart: A birthday present. (ebook) The Graveyard Book by Neil Gaiman: Was in the mood to listen to the Harry Potter books on audio, but didn’t have the time. This seemed like a good alternative. (audiobook) Sarah Nicolas   Witchling by Yasmine Galenorn: I’ve read so much YA lately (which I love) but wanted to get some sexy paranormal simmering, so I went to Overdrive and downloaded the first thing that caught my attention. (Though it caught my attention because I have a friend who is a huge fan of Galenorn and I’ve never read anything by her.) (library audiobook) Jessica Yang   March: Book Three by John Lewis, Andrew Aydin, Nate Powell: I picked up a preview of the series on Free Comic Book Day and knew I had to get the full thing! This definitely feels like it should be required reading in history class. (paperback comic) Ashlie Swicker   Revenge of the Evil Librarian by Michelle Knudsen: I adore the first in this (series, duology?) about high school theater, best friends, crushes, and demonic teachers. I’m so excited to see Cynthia’s story continued! THEY’RE AT THEATER CAMP, FRIENDS! (paperback galley) Jessi Lewis   The Burgess Boys  by Elizabeth Strout:  It’s holiday break and I promised myself I’d go head first into some older TBR. Three pages in and counting (ebook) LaRose by Louise Erdrich: I’ve been nursing this one because Erdrich’s writing takes some digesting for me. It’s lovely though in its harsh realities. (ebook) Casey Stepaniuk   Fans of the Impossible Life by Kate Scelsa: So technically I just finished this book, but I loooooved it, so I wanna talk about it here. Halfway through the book I realized I had never read a YA book that reminded me so powerfully of being a teenager myself. I first found out about it because a classmate in library school did a wonderful book trailer about it for our YA services class. (audiobook) Kim Ukura   It’s Ok to Laugh (Crying is Cool, Too) by Nora McInerny Purmort: Nora is the host of a new podcast, “Terrible, Thanks for Asking,” that has been giving all the feels over the last week. This book of essays is sad and funny and has made me felt less alone as I’m struggling with grief over the holiday season. (Hardcover) Erin Burba   Trainwreck: The Women We Love to Hate, Mock, and Fear… And Why by Sady Doyle: I’ve followed Doyle on Twitter for a while and stumbled across this audiobook on Scribd. Only about twenty minutes in and I already have the “amazing book” tingles. (audiobook) Negroland: A Memoir by Margo Jefferson: I loved Jefferson’s interview on Fresh Air a while back. When this book was recommended on one of my favorite podcasts recently, I knew I needed to read it. (library hardcover) Katie McLain   Annihilation by Jeff Vandermeer. I keep hearing amazing things about this super weird book, and it was available to download on audio through my library’s website. (digital audio) Labyrinth Lost by Zoraida Cordova.  This has been sitting in a stack of YA books I checked out from the library over a month ago and I’ve been meaning to read it for awhile.  Really interesting take on YA fantasy with a lot of cultural flavor.  (library hardcover) Ashley Bowen-Murphy Conviction by Julia Dahl: The third book in the Rebekah Roberts series. When  started it, I didn’t know Conviction was part of a series. Although there’s a few things I’d probably appreciate more if I’d read the first two, this book certainly stands on its own. Enjoying it so far! (e-galley) The English Agent by Phillip DePoy: Picked this up because I’m obsessed with the Voynich manuscript. A fellow Book Rioter said this new book in the series makes use of it as a plot device! (e-galley) Blood in the Water: The Attica Prison Uprising of 1971 and Its Legacy by Heather Ann Thompson: I actually started this book a few weeks ago and keep making my way through it. The book is important and the prose is approachable, I’m just struggling to process the content and the conditions that lead to the Attica uprising. (hardback) Megan Cavitt   Alexander Hamilton by Ron Chernow: My husband loves Hamilton (the musical), but he thinks I’m nuts for attempting a seven-hundred-some-page biography of the eponymous Founding Father. I think it’s my duty and my pleasure as a historian. (library hardcover) Christy Childers   Between Heaven and the Real World by Steven Curtis Chapman: Because I grew up listening to Steven Curtis Chapman, and his album Beauty Will Rise has helped me through some really tough times. (galley) Elizabeth Allen   The New Jim Crow by Michelle Alexandre.  I purchased this as part of my Fuck Donald Trump Starter Kit a few days after the election.  It’s not light reading, but it’s important reading.  (paperback) Jan Rosenberg   The Dangers of Proximal Alphabets by Kathleen Alcott. I finally got a library card. Don’t tell anyone. This is my first legit library book in far too long. (Paperback) NOS4A2e by Joe Hill. I wanted to listen to something scary on audiobook. Lots of Rioters have recommended this one. And Kate Mulgrew narrates this oneI cannot tell you how terrifying her voice can be. Also, it’s technically a holiday book! A disturbing one, at that, but it’s about a place called Christmasland! (Audiobook) Kristen McQuinn   All the Rage by Courtney Summers. Im not quite finished with this but its making me want to burn everything to the ground while sobbing and then give all the girls a big hug. A Prisoner in Malta by Phillip DePoy. Im the Rioter Ashley mentioned above who recommended The English Agent. I reviewed that book for the Historical Novel Society, fucking LOVED it, and went back to read the first in the series, which is this one. Graylings Song by Karen Cushman. I discovered this while Festivus shopping for my daughter. I bought it for a friend, and since Im an only child and not that selfless, got a copy for myself as well, and now were going to do a tandem reading of this delightful fantasy. Den of Wolves by Juliet Marillier. I have universally loved everything Marillier has ever written and even though Im like 3 pages into this one, so far thats holding true. Lucas Maxwell   Follow Me Back by Nicci Cloke. Lizzie Summersall is missing. Just before her disappearance, she’d been talking to strangers on Facebook. When Aiden Kendrick hears about it, the police are already at his door, asking questions. What was his relationship with Lizzie? Were they friends? More than friends? Did they argue? Those kinds of questions. They assure Aiden he’s not a suspect, but despite that, her disappearance is going to change him forever. This book has been really popular with the students I work with so I wanted to see what the fuss was all about, I’m really enjoying it so far. Katie McGuire   A Gentleman in Moscow by Amor Towles. I’ve had this one on my to-read list since I heard about it a few months back, and after seeing it pop up on so many best-of lists, I decided to buy myself an early Christmas present! (Hardcover) The Moneypenny Diaries by Kate Westbrook. After years of an unhealthy obsession with Sean Connery, I officially became a hardcore Bond fan just last year. And after reading a number of the Fleming novels, I’ll jump at any chance to read more about the women in Bond’s world. (Hardcover) Danika Ellis   The Impossible Will Take a Little While: Perseverance and Hope in Troubled Times edited by Paul Loeb: When the living-in-a-post-Trump-world reading lists starting coming out on Book Riot, I requested two books from the library that both bowled me over in their relevance: Parable of the Sower by Octavia Butler (already read and adored this) and The Impossible Will Take a Little While from Steph’s A Social Justice Reading List for Those Who Want To Rise Up. Each excerpt/essay is only a few pages, so despite the intensity of the subject matter, it’s not hard to read, and although it’s a decade old, it holds up very well. There are occasional references to the “current” Bush administration, but it doesn’t feel dated as a whole, and it really has given me hopepartially because it defines hope more as an all-weather, durable motivating force. (Library book) The Twelve Deaths Of Christmas by Marian Babson: I searched Hoopla for short Christmas audiobooks, and this came up, so I’m giving a shot! Only a few chapters in, and mystery isn’t a usual genre for me, so I’m reserving judgement. (Audiobook) It Had To Be You by Clare Lydon: This is a Christmas-themed lesbian novella that the author is giving away for free on her website. It has a great romantic comedy-style premise: Georgia is meeting her girlfriend’s mom for the first time on Christmasbut Georgia is the same age as Milly’s mother! How will the mom react? And then it gets delightfully dramatastic from there. As you can tell, I’m trying to squeeze in a little holiday-themed reading while I can. (eBook) Thomas Maluck   Cross Game by Mitsuru Adachi: I recently visited the Manga Museum in Kyoto, which includes a vast collection of manga in multiple languages for in-house reading. This baseball series has been on the shelf at my local library for a while, as well as my mental TBR pile. Well, now I’m hooked. What seemed on the surface to be a late 80s/early 90s era shonen sports manga is actually a tender-hearted coming-of-age story that ran from 2005-2010. (paperback) The Drifting Classroom by Kazuo Umezu: This is another long-TBR series that Kyoto’s Manga Museum spurred me into finally reading. I bought the whole series for Nook during a digital Viz sale a couple years ago and am only now coming around to Umezu’s otherworldly terrors and the middle school forced to endure them. Umezu is adept at turning his plots on a dime, so I’m prepared for something freaky to happen with every page turn. (ebook) Amanda Kay Oaks   Superfandom by Zoe Fraade-Blanar: I saw this book up for request on NetGalley and it sounded interesting. Its a Nonfiction study of fandom and what it means, how it develops, etc. I am learning a lot of interesting stuff so far from this one! (eGalley) Junkette by Sarah Shotland: This is a novel written by one of my graduate professors, so I thought I would check it out. Its about a drug addict living in New Orleans but aspiring to escape. Im not too far in yet, but am enjoying being sad so far. Maddie Rodriguez   This Wicked Gift by Courtney Milan: Because you can never have too many holiday romances to get you in the Christmas spirit …. (ebook) Three Dark Crowns by Kendare Blake: … but also because sometimes you need a little darkness (murderous rival queens, poisoning, anyone?) to balance all that sweetness and light. I have heard great things about this one and I’m excited to dig in. (ebook) Chelsea Hensley   Caraval by Stephanie Garner: This is one of the books Ive been most excited about for 2017 so imagine my surprise when an ARC showed up at work and my boss said I could read it. Ive only just started but I love everything about it. (ARC) Derek Attig Anicllary Justice by Ann Leckie: I saw Leckie tweet about the relationship between politics and storytelling, and it inspired me to pick this one up off the TBR pile. (ebook) The Mother of All Questions by Rebecca Solnit: What we need right now is more Solnit. Much, much more Solnit. (galley)

Thea Musgrave, Composer

A conductor as well as a composer,  Thea Musgrave  has conducted in the United States and Britain. She has taught at London University, the University of California at Santa Barbara, New College, Cambridge, and Queens University, New York. Her later work is known for dramatic-abstract musical forms. Dates:  May 27, 1928 - Occupation:  composer Music is a human art, not a sexual one. Sex is no more important than eye color. - Thea Musgrave Thea Musgrave was born in Barton, Scotland. She studied at Moreton Hall Schook, then at Edinburgh University, with Hans  Gà ¡l and Mary Grierson, and in Paris at the Conservatoire and with Nadia Boulanger. She studied with Tanglewood Festival with Aaron Copland in 1958. Thea Musgrave was a Guest Professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara, in 1970, and from 1987 to 2002 taught at Queens College, City University of New York, appointed as a Distinguished Professor.   She has honorary degrees from Old Dominion University in Virginia, Glasgow University, Smith College and Bostons New England Conservatory of Music. Her early works include  The Suite oBairnsangs, a ballet  A Tale for Thieves  and an opera  The Abbot of Drimock.  Her best known works include  The Seasons, Rainbow, Black Tambourine  (for female voices, piano and percussion) and operas  The Voice of Ariadne, A Christmas Carol, Mary Queen of Scots,  and  Harriet: The Woman Called Moses.   Her later work, especially, extends traditional boundaries, emphasizing abstract form and dramatic content. Though her operas are perhaps her best known work, she also composed for ballet and childrens theater, and published many pieces for orchestra, piano and chamber music. as well as some pieces for vocal and choral performance. She often conducted her own work at major music festivals in America and Euorpe.   She is married to Peter Mark since 1971, a violist who was the conductor and general director of the Virginia Opera Association in the 1980s. Key Operas Composed in the 1970s,  Mary, Queen of Scots  is about the period when  Mary Stuart  returned to Scotland after her years in France, through her flight to England. Her A Christmas Carol, based on the story by Charles Dickens, was first performed in Virginia in 1979. Harriet: A Woman Called Moses was first performed in Virginia in 1985.   The opera is based on the life of Harriet Tubman  and her role in the Underground Railroad. Key Orchestral Works Thea  Musgrave published Concerto for Orchestra in 1967. This piece is noted for the solos moving around through different sections of the orchestra, then the soloists playing, standing, in the climax.   Several later pieces also featured soloists highlighting different parts of the orchestra, moving the players around the stage. Night Music is a 1969 piece noted for the emotions that it evokes.   In Viola Concerto the whole viola section is to rise at a specific point.   She considered her Peripeteia a kind of opera without words or specific plot. Choral Works The texts for Musgraves choral pieces are from a variety of classical and modern sources, including Hesiod, Chaucer, Michelangelo, John Donne, Shakespeare and D.H. Lawrence. Writing Musgrave published  The Choral Music of 21st Century Women Composers  in 1997, written with Elizabeth Lutyens and Elizabeth Merconchy. About Thea Musgrave Categories: musician, composer, conductorPlaces: Edinburgh, Scotland, United StatesPeriod: 20th century Print Bibliography Musgrave, Thea, Elizabeth Maconchy and Elisabeth Lutyens.  The Choral Music of Twentieth-Century Women Composers.  1997.Hixon, Donald L.  Thea Musgrave: A Bio-Bibliography. 1984. Music Women of Note  (CD)Premiere Performances  by Boston Musica VivaTwentieth Century Settings

A Study On Advancing Entrepreneurial Skills And Abilities...

KEABETSWE PHUTHEGO 200903371 ELB 504 GUIDED STUDY IN BUSINESS EDUCATION TOPIC: ADVANCING ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS AND ABILITIES THROUGH THE USE OF SIMULATION GAMES IN SECONDARY SHOOL BUSINESS EDUCATION DUE DATE: 8 APRIL 2016 INTRODUCTION What can we as teachers do to influence our learners to become entrepreneurs? The government of Botswana has been over the years working tirelessly in trying to curb unemployment more especially among the youth, as well as motivating them to venture into different kinds of businesses as a way encouraging entrepreneurship and trying to diversify the country’s economy which is highly reliant on diamond exports. This includes among other things, coming up with initiatives such as the Youth Development Fund (YDF) which exists to fund youth businesses to help fight unemployment and poverty. One of the programs of late is the Economic Stimulus Package (ESP) which aims at up-skilling and up-scaling unemployed youth among one of its many mandates. Again, there is the Citizen Entrepreneurship Development Agency (CEDA) which aims at providing financial and technical assistance to citizens to develop their businesses (CEDA, 2016). Not only does CEDA offer financial assistance to developing businesses but also to already existing ones. What is more, it also offers training, mentorship and advisory services to new entrepreneurs as well as those that have been in the industry for a while. It is however worrisome how some of the youth businesses

Mary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Modern Prometheus

Psychologists and sociologists often refer to Mary Shelley s masterpiece Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus as a starting point to drive the question: what it means to be human. Mary Shelley s Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus suggests the possibility of reconstructing a broader approach towards scientific discovery by portraying the dangers of blindly pursuing scientific knowledge done so by the modern Prometheus that is Victor Frankenstein. Thomas Vargish in Technology and Impotence in Mary Shelley s Frankenstein states that although technology serves to express, aid and extend values (325), Victor Frankenstein immerses himself to creating a creature that manipulates what technology is made to do. Bernd Jager in Mary Shelley s Frankenstein and the Fate of Modern Scientific Psychology affirms that science and technology brings man in direct confrontation with an anonymous natural order. Furthermore, this order ignores man s presence. Jager s definition of the meaning of human ity is to learn and master technology and science while maintaining an uninhabitable relationship with it (271). The cryptic title of the novel alludes to the classical Greek mythology of Prometheus, a Titan who was eventually punished by Zeus made man out of clay and gave them fire for survival. The novel thereby alludes to the Ancient mythology by giving the readers a sense of consequence resulting from seeking enlightenment and the ability to create life like God. By portrayingShow MoreRelatedMary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Modern Prometheus1342 Words   |  6 Pagesthere is no doubt in the connection of the Greek God Prometheus and Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, as the title of the book states: Frankenstein, or the modern Prometheus. Shelley made sure that the readers knew that Frankenstein is to be seen as the modern Prometheus, and all things in her book connect Frankenstein to the Greek God that shaped Humanity. In this essay is stated that Frankenstein is indeed as Shelley meant, the modern Prometheus. Reasoning behind this is of how Frankenstein’s and Prometheus’sRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Modern Prometheus871 Words   |  4 PagesThe title of Mary Shelley s novel is Frankenstein; or the Modern Prometheus. So it shouldn t come as a shock that Mary Shelley was actually influenced by this tale. Her husband Percy Shelley had actually begun composing his own tale of Prometheus in the form of poetry entitled, Prometheus Unbound. He began composing this piece around the same time that his wife was publishing Frankenstein. Mary Shelley included The Modern Prometheus as part of her title for the novel and she attempts to compareRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein, And The Modern Prometheus3901 Words   |  16 Pages â€Å"Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus†, by Mary Wollstonecraft (Godwin) Shelley Mary Shelley s novel Frankenstein is best known for its influence in popular culture through many film adaptations. It is in fact, however, one of the great novels of ideas. Write an essay that discusses in what sense you think it is a novel of ideas. What are its claims about human reason and human nature? Shelley explores some aspects of human nature, specifically human lust for power and the unfortunate way weRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Modern Prometheus1316 Words   |  6 Pages Monstrosity in Marry Shelley s â€Å"Frankenstein† Mary Shelley s â€Å"Frankenstein† or â€Å"The Modern Prometheus† is an examination of monstrosity in all of its forms. Written during a time in which scientific, political and economical upheaval, the novel depicts mans desire to uncover every secret in the universe, while confirming the importance of the emotions that make us human, instead of monsters. But, what is considered to be a monster? When one thinks of a monster the first thing that comes to mindRead MoreMary Shelley ´s Frankenstein; Or, the Modern Prometheus, an Analysis of the Subtitle1219 Words   |  5 Pagesof creation.† (Shelley 37). Ab initio Victor Frankenstein, the main protagonist, is being put on a level with Prometheus through the subtitle. An indication that Mary Shelley did indeed have the myth in mind as she wrote the novel, is not only her subtitle, but moreover the parallels between the Prometheus myth and Frankenstein, which are undeniable. The title itself gives a lot away of th e story which follows. It links the modern world with the ancient Greek myth. Victor Frankenstein â€Å"steals† theRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Modern Prometheus1141 Words   |  5 Pagessomeone, do you think that you would take that chance? Prometheus is a Greek God who gave mankind fire, which had been stolen from Mount Olympus. â€Å"Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus,† by Mary Shelley is about a man name Victor Frankenstein who creates a â€Å"monster† and tells the story of the lives of each character, and the conflict between Frankenstein and his creation. Victor Frankenstein tried to play God in â€Å"Frankenstein, the Modern Prometheus,† by creating a his own specimen, giving his creationRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein : A Modern Prometheus822 Words   |  4 PagesAllusions in Frankenstein: A Modern Prometheus Mary Shelley’s cautionary horror tale, Frankenstein: A Modern Prometheus, portrays the deadly consequences of callous indifference to life. Throughout the novel, Shelley employs allusions to the Prometheus myth, Paradise Lost, and â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.† Through these allusions, Shelley illustrates the creature’s yearning for love and acceptance, and Victors lack of love and compassion which leads to his ultimate destruction. In the firstRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Modern Prometheus1470 Words   |  6 PagesIn Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein; Or, the Modern Prometheus: The Original 1818 Text Third Edition she presents the story of a man named Victor Frankenstein and his creation. The story is told through Robert Walton, a man at sea who meets the estranged Victor Frankenstein and shares Victor’s story to his sister, Margaret Saville through a series of letters. Through these letters we get an insight into the life of the Frankenstein family as well as the relationship Victor has built with his creatureRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Modern Prometheus1291 Words   |  6 Pages Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, also known as The Modern Prometheus, is a gothic science fiction novel set in the eighteenth century. Though the story starts off with letters narrated by Robert Walton, who hopes to find a new passage from Russia to the Pacific Ocean, the main protagonist in the story is Victor Frankenstein. Victor Frankenstein was a swiss boy, born in Geneva, who grew up with a passion to find the â€Å"secret of life.† After attended the university at Ingolstadt and learning everythingRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein - The Modern Prometheus946 Words   |  4 PagesFrankenstein by Mary Shelley is a Gothic novel which revolves around the concept of men overtaking the role of God by attempting to create life, which is successfully depicted through the character of Victor Frankenstein who creates and brings life to the â€Å"monster†, unaware of its consequences and responsibility. Similarly, the mythological story of â€Å"Prometheus† re volves around the young Titan who in attempts to help mankind, wages war with Jupiter by providing men with fire and how to utilize it

ch 2 medical terminology

ch 2 medical terminology- suffixes indicating diseases or abnormal conditions Term Definition Categories of Suffixes diseases or abnormal conditions surgical procedure diagnostic procedure general suffixes medical specialties or personnel converts word roots into adjectives algia pain asthenia weakness cele hernia, protrusion dynia pain cytosis abnormal cell condition ( too many) ectasis dilated, stretched out edema swelling emesis vomiting emia condition of the blood ia state, condition iasis abnormal condition ism state of, condition -itis inflammation lith stone lysis destruction lytic destruction -malacia abnormal softening -megaly enlargement, large oma tumor, mass -osis abnormal condition -pathy disease penia too few -phobia fear plegia paralysis -ptosis drooping -rrhage bursting forth -rrhagia bursting forth -rrhea discharge, flow -rrhexis rupture -sclerosis hardened condition -spasm involuntary muscle contraction -stasis stopping -stenosis narrowing -toxic poison -uria condition of the urine

Australia Waste Management

Annexation of Mexico essays

Annexation of Mexico essays That American annexation of Mexico would be mutually beneficial is nearly beyond dispute. The first is an ever-expanding "Land of Opportunity." The second is a troubled political and economic failure. The former stands as the economic success story capitalism. The latter crawls as a nation either unwilling or unable to utilize its own resources and, thus, languishes in economic collapse. While America sits to a small degree dismayed with the unethical maneuvering of her politicians, Mexico reels from the daily instability of a horrendous government system that bears no responsibility to the people it governs. In short, the bulk of the Mexican Republics major problems would be eliminated or, at least, alleviated by her annexation. With this in view, the most pressing question rears itself out of the mire of international policy: "By which means shall America gain Mexico?" The term "pressing" is used here sarcastically, for-though a few actually do consider this question a pressing on e-the means remain today as patently obvious as they were in the nineteenth century. Quite simply, the best method for the expedient annexation of Mexico-which most everybody deems both imminent and necessary-is that of invasion and subjugation. Please allow for the presentation of a scenario. Thirteen days after the first American battletank rolled across the border south of Santa Fe, Toms and his wife (with five children in tow) proceed to a mandatory convocation in the small towns square. An American announces in unbroken Spanish that Mexico and her states are now America and her states. It is a hot Mexican day. The American representative relates a brief summary of the twelve day incursion and how Mexico gave her rule over to the United States with few casualties (resultant largely from the American show of force). He goes on to explain that the former Mexico will be included in the free states of her captor with full rights and ...

Apple_Inc_Week_3 Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Apple_Inc_Week_3 - Thesis Example Apple has a set of values that it has fostered in its culture and employees personalities through aggressive training. Some of these values include empathy for users, aggressiveness, achievement, positive social contribution, innovation/vision, individual performance, team spirit, quality/excellence, individual reward and good management. These values appears to be ideological and achievement driven, Apples training manual further reinforces these values. The training manual includes programs like Component Isolation, The Power Of Empathy, Using Diagnostic Services etc. All these trainings methodologies promote Apples values and persuade the employees to act compassionately, be customer-oriented and stay fearless about the feedback (Duerson, 2012; Biddle, 2012). Apples long standing slogan of Think Different pushes its practices, offering and employees to be different, emphasizing on inventive and innovative ways. When it comes to motivation, Apple has successfully managed to attract and retain potential talent with the help of its intrinsic motivational techniques. Apple provides remuneration that is slightly higher than the average market remuneration package. Its mainly competitive environment and opportunity to progress that motivates employees to perform well in their respective jobs. Apple mainly recruits employees with flair for innovation and challenge. These personality traits comply well with the organizational culture of Apple. Apple has a culture that fosters competitiveness, innovation, creativity and ownership. This culture is a resultant of Apples ideology introduced by its leadership. It has managed to devise a working environment that allows employees to operate more independently. Other than on-site jobs through which employees are assigned with goals aligned with their job description with complete ownership, off-site jobs facilitate ownership and

Research design in psychology-week 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research design in psychology-week 5 - Essay Example Potential research questions as far as the quantitative approach towards addressing the issue of juvenile crime can be descriptive, predictive or casual. A descriptive question for this quantitative research can be ‘What is the relationship between the social environment and juvenile crime?†. A predictive question can be â€Å"Does the social environment predict the juveniles’ ability to indulge in crime?† A casual question which compares the different variations of a phenomenon to identify the cause of something can be â€Å"does variation in exposure to different social environments produce a change in a juvenile’s ability to commit offences?† These research questions can be addressed by either limiting the scope of the research to certain factors of the social environment like dynamics of the family, community support or the effect of the media and music. A possible hypothesis for adopting a quantitative approach to this area could be relaye d in the following way: â€Å"If the social environment has an impact on juvenile crime, then there should be an observable correlation between various social factors in the lives of juveniles and their rate on criminal behavior.† A breakdown of the factors that constitute to the social environment (such as domestic violence, substance abuse, peer pressure or schooling etc) can be used as independent variables whose relationship will have to be determined on juvenile delinquency (the dependant variable). Looking at the research by adopting a qualitative approach the possible potential research question one might ask is ‘What role does the social environment play a role in the lives of juveniles and their ability to commit crimes?† Other research questions relating to the issue at hand could be ‘Why do juveniles commit crimes?’ or ‘How can juvenile crime be prevented?’ or So while our quantitative approach tends to find out if there is a p ossible relationship between our two defined variables the qualitative approach will analyze this relationship and go into the depth of it. Qualitative research will analyze and evaluate the criminal behavior of juveniles through a social learning perspective. Even though in qualitative research we do not use quantities, they can be used to prove or disprove a hypothesis, however primarily it is used to gather and analyze data. Resources Creswell, J. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications,

Benefits of Balanced Scorecard Implementation

Benefits of Balanced Scorecard Implementation Introduction Business organizations are facing increasingly complex markets, customers and suppliers, and fierce global competitive pressures. In such competitive environment, access to the right information is important to ensure high quality decision making and thus, the success of the organization. Resulting from the changing needs of information in a competitive environment, pressure was put on accounting information to increase its relevance. Extensive and exclusive use of financial measures has been criticised due to their historic nature. Financial measures reveal a great deal about an organisations past actions but nothing about its future alertness. Exclusive reliance on financial indicators could promote behaviour that sacrifices long term value creation for short term performance (Dearden, 1969). Indeed, an overemphasis on achieving and maintaining short term performance can cause a company to overinvest in short term fixes and underinvest in sustainable value creation, which would be detrimental to its future success. In an attempt to remedy the shortcomings of financial performance measures, Kaplan and Norton (1992) devised the Balanced Scorecard which integrates financial and non financial strategic measures. The Balanced Scorecard will be discussed in this paper focusing on what the Balanced Scorecard is, the theory underlying it and how it is being practiced. The manner in which the Balanced Scorecard is practiced in two companies, namely Metro Bank which is adapted from Kaplan and Norton (1996) and Asia Telecom, a telecommunication company whose name is disguised to preserve confidentiality is also discussed in this paper. What is the Balanced Scorecard? The Balanced Scorecard is a tool, which systematically expands the measurement areas traditionally involved in accounting. It provides a system for measuring and managing all aspects of a companys performance. The scorecard balances financial measures of success with non financial measures of drivers of future performance. These non financial measures include measures on customer satisfaction, internal processes, the organisations innovation and improvement activities. The Balanced Scorecard measures organizational performance across four different but inter-related perspectives: financial, customer, internal and learning and growth perspectives (Atkinson, Kaplan and Young, 2004). The Balanced Scorecard, as devised by Kaplan and Norton (1992), is thus a balanced performance measurement system that enables companies to track financial results while simultaneously monitoring how they are building their capabilities with customers, internal processes, employees and systems for future growth and profitability. It provides feedback around both the internal business processes and external outcomes in order to continuously improve strategic performance and results (Kaplan and Norton, 1996). The Balanced Scorecard is a comprehensive framework that translates a companys vision and strategy into a coherent set of performance measures. It is an integral part of an organizations strategy execution process that emphasizes communicating strategy to employees and providing feedback to help attain objectives. The scorecard can be used at different levels of an organization. For each level, the Balanced Scorecard approach identifies the key components of operations, sets goals for them, and finds ways to measure progress toward achieving these goals. Taken together, the measures provide a holistic view of performance both inside and outside the organization, and allow each constituent of the organization to see how his or her activities contribute to attaining the organizations overall mission (Von Bergen and Benco). Essentially, the Balanced Scorecard measures are used to translate vision and strategy into concrete directions for action by people throughout the organization. The measures prescribe a plan for strategic execution and create focus for the future. The measures communicate important messages to all organizational units and employees and thus, influence their actions. To take full advantage of this power, companies soon integrated their new measures into a management system (Kaplan and Norton, 2001). Thus, the Balanced Scorecard concept evolved from a performance measurement system to a strategic management system. The strategic management system focused the entire organization on implementing long term strategy by aligning and supporting key processes. The essence of the above discussion can be summarized using Atkinson, Kaplan and Youngs (2004) definition. The Balanced Scorecard is a strategic management system that translates an organizations strategy into clear objectives, measures, targets and initiatives organized by four perspectives. These four perspectives and other principles underlying the Balanced Scorecard will be discussed in the next section of this paper. The Balanced Scorecard: Theory The Balanced Scorecard is based on several underlying premises. The first is that financial measures alone inadequately measure the health of a company and that a single-minded pursuit of financial objectives could lead to long-term ruin. The second is that Balanced Scorecard focuses on process, not metrics. As such, it is forward-looking (e.g., How can our organization retain its best customers?) rather than backward-looking (e.g., What were our organizations earnings per share last quarter?). The third is that the scorecard is an analytic framework for translating a companys visions and business strategies into specific, quantifiable goals and for monitoring performance against those goals (Von Bergen and Benco). The Balanced Scorecard framework consists of four perspectives of which the organizations performance is measured. Across organizations, the relevant Balanced Scorecard components vary depending on the organizations specific goals and circumstances. There is no theory that four perspectives are necessary and sufficient for an effective balanced scorecard. However, there is some agreement that a typical BSC would include the following four components in some form (Horngren, Foster, Srikant, 2000): Learning and growth perspective: Can the firm continue to improve and create value for customers? Internal business process perspective: In which capabilities must the firm excel? Customer perspective: How do customers see the firm? Financial perspective: How does the firm look to providers of financial resources? The financial perspective Kaplan and Norton do not disregard the traditional need for financial data. Indeed, the ultimate objective for profit-seeking companies is a significant increase in shareholder value. Financial performance measures indicate whether the companys strategy, implementation and execution are contributing to its profitability. Financial objectives typically relate to profitability and measured, for example, by economic value added, return on investment or net profit. Companies increase economic wealth through two basic approaches revenue growth and productivity. Revenue growth comes from either growing wider (new products, markets and customers) and/or from growing deeper by achieving more price or volume from existing relationships. Productivity comes from reducing the cost structure, and/or the fixed and working capital required to support the business. The customer perspective The customer perspective is about the identification of the customer and market segments in which the company will compete and the measures of the companys performance in these targeted segments. Typical core measures of the successful outcomes from a well-formulated and implemented strategy include customer satisfaction, customer retention, new customer acquisition, customer profitability and market and account share. Beyond these measures, the companies must also identify the objectives and measures for customer value proposition, which describes the unique mix of product, price, service, relationship and image that a company offers its targeted group of customers. Customer value proposition that defines how company meets the needs of its customers vis-Ã  -vis its competitors is essentially a differentiation strategy. There are three generally acknowledged generic value proposition: Operational Excellence is characterized and differentiates itself by a combination of products/services that provide quality, selection, and competitive prices, and order fulfillment capability that is fast and timely. Customer Intimacy is characterized and differentiates itself by the quality and personalization of its relationship with its customers. Product Leadership is characterized and differentiates itself by the functions, features, and overall performance of its products and services. The value proposition is crucial because it helps an organization connects its internal processes to improved outcomes with its customers. The internal business process perspective Once the financial and customer perspectives are identified, the critical internal processes in which the organization must excel to achieve its objectives are defined. These processes enable the organization to deliver the value propositions that will attract and retain customers in targeted market segments and achieve productivity improvements for the financial objectives. Since organizations perform many different processes, it is useful to group the processes into four groups: Build the franchise by spurring innovation to develop new products and services and penetrate new markets and customer segments. Increase customer value by expanding and deepening relationships with existing customers. Achieve operational excellence by improving supply-chain management, internal process, asset utilization, resource-capacity management and other processes. Become a good corporate citizen by establishing effective relationships with external stakeholders. Measures of these processes allow managers to evaluate how well their business is running, and whether its products and services conform to customer requirements (the mission). The learning and growth perspective This perspective describes the infrastructure necessary for the achievement of the objectives identified in the other three perspectives. Under this perspective, objectives for the people, systems and organizational alignment that create long term growth and improvement are identified. The objectives for these three components normally lie in the following areas: Employees capabilities Does the employees possess the appropriate level of skill and knowledge to perform the work/function required to achieve strategy? Information system and database Is the information system and database available to provide excellent information to employees for process improvement required? Organization alignment Corporate culture and climate Do employees have the awareness and understanding of the vision, strategy and cultural values needed to execute strategy? Goal alignment Are goals and incentives aligned with the strategy at all level? Knowledge sharing Do employees and teams share best practices and other knowledge relevant to strategy execution? This perspective ultimately emphasizes the role of intangible assets people, system, climate and culture in driving organizational capabilities for learning and long term growth. Strategy Map A strategy map is a comprehensive visual representation of the linkages among objectives in the four perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard. Each objective in the four perspectives is portrayed in a cause and effect relationship where gains in the learning and growth perspective lead to improvements in internal business processes, which in turn lead to higher customer satisfaction and market share, and finally to superior financial performance. The strategy map tells the story of the companys strategy. It identifies for employees and management the importance of each perspective as a feeder of success into the next perspective. It also identifies and makes explicit the hypotheses about the cause and effect relationship between outcome measures (lag indicators) for example, customer satisfaction and return on investment, and performance drivers (lead indicators) for example, motivated and skilled employees, short cycle time processes and product development processes (Atkinson, Kaplan and Young, 2004). Lagging indicators indicate whether the strategic objectives in each perspective are achieved while leading indicators represent how the outcome should be achieved. The causal link between lagging and leading indicators not only occurs within the individual perspectives, but also across the four perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard (Figge, Hahn, Schaltegger Wagner, 2002) Organizations build strategy map from the top down, starting with the destination and then charting the routes that lead there. The vision and mission of the company provides a picture of the companys overall goal. The strategy of achieving the companys vision and mission, when translated into objectives and measures in each of the perspectives provide more meaning and clarity to employees. Measures describe how success in achieving an objective will be determined and thus give clarify to the objective. Typically, the objectives in the four perspectives of a strategy map lead to 20-30 measures. However, the number of measures is irrelevant when these measures are viewed as inter-dependent measures that are instrumental for achieving a single strategy. The multiple measures on the Balanced Scorecard are linked together in a cause and effect network that describes the business strategy. Targets are set for each measure. A target establishes the level of performance or rate of improvement required for a measure. Level of performance required should represent excellent performance. Companies identify initiatives, that is, short term programs and action plans that will help companies to achieve targets. Initiatives that will not have a major impact on one or more scorecard objectives should be de-emphasized (Kaplan and Norton, 2004). The Balanced Scorecard: In practice Having discussed the theory and principles underlying the Balanced Scorecard, we will look at the manner in which the measures of the Balanced Scorecard are developed and communicated in the corporate world by taking the case of Metro Bank and Asia Telecom. Metro Banks case adapted from Kaplan and Norton (1996) is used to illustrate revenue growth strategy whilst Asia Telecom is used to illustrate both revenue growth and productivity strategy. Metro Bank case Metro Bank, a retail banking division of a major bank was facing problem of excessive reliance on a single product. The revenue growth strategy is undertaken to resolve this problem, that is, to reduce earning volatility by broadening sources of revenue with additional products for current customers. In the process of developing the Balanced Scorecard, the strategy is translated into objectives and measures in the four perspectives. The financial objective to support revenue growth strategy was to broaden the mix of revenue. The financial measure is the percentage increase in year to year revenue (lag indicator) and revenue mix (lead indicator). The existing customers of the bank however do not view their banker as the logical source for a broader array of products such as mutual funds, credit cards and financial advice. The banks executive concluded that if the banks new strategy were to be successful, they must shift customers perception of the bank from that of a transactions processor of checks and deposits to a financial adviser. With this, the customer objective was to increase customer confidence in the banks financial advice and increase customer satisfaction. This is done by building long term relationship with targeted customers so that the bank can sell them multiple financial products and services. The measures are share of customer segment i.e. number of Metros customers in targeted segment (lag indicator) and depth of relationship (lead indicator). Internal activities that need to be mastered if the strategy were to succeed were identified as 1) understand customers, 2) develop new products and services and 3) cross-sell multiple products and services. Each business process would have to be redesigned to reflect the demands of the new strategy. For example, the selling process had traditionally been dependent on institutional advertising of the banks services. The bank did not have a selling culture. The bank personnel were reactive. A major reengineering program was launched to redefine the sales process into one which is relationship based. Measures introduced were cross-sell ratio (lag indicators) which measured selling effectiveness and hours spent with customers (lead indicators) to send signal to salespersons of the new culture required by the strategy In order to improve employee effectiveness in implementing the revenue growth strategy, the learning and growth component of the scorecard identified the need for 1) salespersons to acquire a broader set of skills (to become a financial counselor with broad knowledge of the product line), 2) improved access to information (integrated customer file), and 3) realignment of the incentive systems to encourage the new behavior. The lag indicators included a productivity measure, average sales per salesperson, as well as the attitudes of the work force as measured by an employee satisfaction survey. The lead indicators focused on the major changes that had to be orchestrated in the work force. These indicators are 1) the upgrading of the skill base and qualified people i.e. strategic job coverage ratio, 2) access to information technology tools and data i.e. strategic availability ratio, and 3) the realignment of individual goals and incentives to reflect the new priorities i.e. personal g oal alignment. Asia Telecom Asia Telecom, a telecommunication provider strives to grow business profitability and improve operating efficiency in a highly competitive environment. The company embarked on the following strategy: Growth strategy: expand new business while defending the traditional fixed line business Productivity strategy: improve efficiency by managing new capital investment and increase asset utilization In the Balanced Scorecard development process, the strategy is translated into objectives and measures in the four perspectives. Prepared and motivated work force Productivity strategy Growth strategy Defend traditional business Expand Regionally Grow New Business Manage Capital Expenditure Increase Asset Utilization Improve cost efficiency Improve returns Delight the customer Exceptional value services One stop solution Enduring relationship Synergy with Partners Ensure win-win partnership Innovation Process Develop alternative channels Develop product services offerings/bundles Operations Process Focus on operational efficiency Optimize deployment of shared services Improve Strategic Skills Competencies Create conducive organization climate Access to strategic information Customer Perspective Internal Perspective Financial Perspective Learning Perspective Figure 1 The Asia Telecom Strategy Map Growth strategy is pursued by: 1) defend traditional business, 2) expand regionally and 3) grow new business. Productivity is increased by: 1) manage capital expenditure, 2) optimize asset utilization and 3) improve cost efficiency. The company intends to grow new business and expand regionally (acquisition of other business) while defending its traditional fixed line business. Asset utilization and capital expenditure management is important as telecommunication assets are costly, require high investment and can quickly become obsolete with the advent of new technologies. Operating costs efficiency is targeted to reduce costs in running the business. Financial measures are earning per share, return on investment, revenue growth, operating costs per staff and EBITDA (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization) (lag indicators) and strategic business support (lead indicator). Asia Telecom offers a variety of products and services to customers and builds enduring relationship with its customers. The customers are valued as always right. The company aspires to improve service quality in its outlets to retain and satisfy its customers. A Mesra Pelanggan Project was launched to strengthen necessary capabilities and capacities, strengthen and build on customer relation basics and ultimately, delight the customers. The customer measures identified are 1) one stop solution, 2) enduring relationship, 3) exceptional value services, and 4) ensure win-win partnerships. The measures are service level agreement compliance, customer and partner satisfaction index and customer retention and acquisition (lag indicators) and service level agreement and satisfaction survey (lead indicator). In order to achieve the above objectives, internal business processes identified are 1) create product and services offerings/bundles, 2) develop alternative channels, 3) focus on operational efficiency and 4) optimize deployment of shared services. Business processes needs to be redefined and changed to reflect the needs of the new strategy. For example, product development process has been designated to a small group of product development personnel. The rest of the marketers are not involved in product development even though they have direct contact and interaction with customers. A change in mindset was instigated to encourage every personnel to spend more time talking with customers to learn about their emerging needs and to think of innovative solutions to these needs. The measures include new product revenue, new channel ratio, expense ratio and cost savings (lag indicators) and product and channel development cycle and cost control (lead indicators). These measures clarify w hat needs to be done in order to achieve the objectives identified. The work force must be motivated and prepared to produce the level of effectiveness required to support the objectives in the three other perspectives. In order to foster long term growth and improvement, there is need to 1) improve strategic skills and competencies, 2) create conducive organization climate and 3) provide access to strategic information. Positive work culture including integrity, sense of urgency, teamwork and group interest was instilled to improve quality of the work force. Employee innovativeness is encouraged to create employees that are capable of applying knowledge to produce new products and services. The outcome measures are competency index, employee satisfaction index and climate survey index. The lead indicators which are organized to create change in the work place are staff development vs. plan, employee survey, organization climate survey and strategic systems availability vs. plan. Figure 2 Asia Telecoms Balanced Scorecard Strategic Objectives Measures Outcome Measures (Lag) Performance Drivers (Lead) Financial Defend traditional business Expand regionally Grow new business Manage capital expenditure Optimize asset utilization Improve cost efficiency Earning per share, EBITDA Return on investment Revenue growth Operating costs per staff Strategic business support Customer One stop solution Enduring relationship Exceptional value services Ensure win-win partnerships Customer satisfaction index Customer retention acquisition Partner satisfaction index Service level agreement compliance Customer satisfaction survey Customer satisfaction survey Partner satisfaction survey Service level agreement Internal Create product and services offerings/bundles Develop alternative channels Focus on operational efficiency Optimize deployment of shared services New product revenue, % of contribution to profit New channel ratio Expense ratio Cost savings Product development cycle Channel development cycle Cost control Learning Improve strategic skills and competencies Create conducive organization climate Access to strategic information Competency index Employee satisfaction index Climate survey index Staff development vs. plan Employee survey Organization climate survey Strategic systems availability vs. plan Figure 2 summarizes the objectives and measures for Asia Telecoms Balanced Scorecard. The scorecard and strategy map (Figure 1) describes a system of cause and effect relationships, incorporating a mix of leading and lagging indicators, all of which eventually point to improving future financial performance. Based on the above cases, it can be seen that the Balanced Scorecard framework translates and communicate strategy to the whole organization. In the case of Asia Telecom, employees understand what needs to be done in order to achieve the companys strategy to increase productivity. The measures in place such as competency index send signals to employees of what is required and focuses change efforts. There is shared understanding of the companys vision. From the cause and effect relationship inherent in the scorecard model, employees are able to see how they contribute to the companys success. Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic Framework for Action Companies also use the Balanced Scorecard as the framework around which the management processes and programs are built. By identifying the most important objectives on which an organization should focus its attention and resources, the scorecard provides a framework for a strategic management system that organizes issues, information, and a variety of vital management processes. These processes are: Clarify and translate vision and strategy Communicate and link strategic objectives and measures Plan, set targets and align strategic initiatives Enhance strategic feedback and learning (Kaplan and Norton, 1996) By using the case of Asia Telecom, the manner in which the strategic framework is put into action is discussed next. Clarify and translate vision and strategy The Balanced Scorecard process starts with the senior management team working together to translate the business units strategy into specific strategic objectives. When translating the strategic into objectives in the four perspectives discussed above, the management must ensure that there is consensus on what objectives should be prioritized and what measures, targets and initiatives should be used. Consensus is important to ensure that everyone in the company is pursuing the same agenda. In Asia Telecom, sales and marketing has traditionally been regarded as important as they bring in revenue. However, as business becomes more competitive, the traditional fixed line business comes under attack, eating up the companys bottom line. There is increasing need for innovation to create new products and services to retain and win customers. New business needs to be developed and nurtured. In developing the scorecard, this strategy is agreed upon and translated into objectives in the four p erspectives. The development of the scorecard enables the management to agree, prioritize and be accountable for the objectives of the business. Communicate and link strategic objectives and measures The Balanced Scorecards strategic objectives and measures are communicated via company newsletters, bulletin boards, video conferencing and groupware to all levels of organizational constituents. The communication serves to signal to all employees the critical objectives that must be accomplished if the companys strategy is to succeed. The communication process enables the alignment of goals throughout the organization. Once employees understand the high level objectives and measures, they can establish local objectives that support the companys objectives. In Asia Telecom, the Balanced Scorecard is cascaded down to all levels and more than 180 Balanced Scorecards were developed at various levels of the company. The Balanced Scorecards reflect each organizational units objectives in achieving the overall objectives. These scorecards can be accessed online using a Balanced Scorecard system developed in house by the company. Plan, set targets and align strategic initiatives Managers should establish the following to use the scorecard in an integrated long range strategic planning and operational budgeting process: Set long term, quantifiable and stretch targets for the scorecard measures. Identify initiatives (investments and action programs) and resources for these initiatives which will enable the achievement of targets. These initiatives are intended to close the gap between targets set for strategic measures and current performance on those measures. Link to annual resource allocation and budgets i.e. formulate specific short term targets for the scorecard measures. This will allow managers to determine whether their strategy is valid and enable progress monitored. In Asia Telecom, the customer satisfaction index is targeted at more than 90% in 2006. The initiative to achieve the target is via the Mesra Pelanggan Project and customer relationship management. Resource allocation required to achieve the target is included as part of the business plan. Any deviation from the initial target can be picked up during the business plan review. This is also available in the Balanced Scorecard system which links strategy, business plan and performance. It also makes all strategic initiatives and resources congruence to Asia Telecoms Strategy. Enhance strategic feedback and learning The Balance Scorecard enables managers to monitor and adjust the implementation of their strategy, and if necessary, make fundamental changes in the strategy itself. The learning process is of two types: Single loop learning process: feedback about whether the planned strategy is being executed according to plan Double loop learning process: feedback about whether the planned strategy remains a viable and successful strategy. This learning process will prompt managers to question their underlying assumptions and reflect on whether the strategy under which they are operating remains valid in consideration of the current evidence, observations, and experience. The strategic feedback and learning process feeds into the next vision and strategy process where objectives in the various perspectives are reviewed, updated, and replaced in accordance with the most current view of the strategic outcomes and required performance drivers for the upcoming periods. Suppose that the data reveal that the organizations employees and managers have delivered on the performance drivers employees skills and competencies has been improved, tools and technology are available, new products and services have been developed and introduced on schedule. Now, th

Biblical Illusions in Toni Morrisons Song of Solomon Essay -- Song So

Biblical Illusions in Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon Song of Solomon, by Toni Morrison, is about a man named Macon Dead. Throughout this novel, however, he is known by all except his father as Milkman because his mother breastfed him until he was in his teens. The novel centers on Milkman's attempt to find himself. His family is a wealthy black family living in a poor black neighborhood, where Milkman's father prohibits Milkman from interacting with most of them, including his aunt. However, he ends up visiting her, and while there, he learns a little about his family's mysterious past and decides to look deeper into it. Throughout his journey into his past, one may notice a large amount of biblical allusions. The first and most noticeable of these allusions is the title of the novel itself. _Song of Solomon_ is not only the title of this novel, but also a biblical book. This book in the Bible is also known as the Song of Songs and the Canticles. It is a collection of songs telling the story of a conversation between King Solomon and his beautiful Shulamite Bride, who happe...

Plata o Plomo (Javdani) Response Paper Analysis Essay

In her essay, â€Å"Plato o Plomo,† Marie Javdani compares & contrasts the stories of two boys, whom live separately in two countries, to signify their indirect relation. The phrase â€Å"Plato o Plomo† translates to â€Å"silver or lead†, meaning that peasants of South America can either accept a bribe & live (silver) or take a bullet & die (lead). Eric, an American boy, & Miguel, a Colombian, are both out on the road on a Friday night, but their intentions are entirely different. After scoring drugs, Eric whistles while walking down his street to meet up with his friends for â€Å"a bit of fun.† Miguel creeps down the road in his village, praying for the last time in his life; he to be murdered by the guerillas who have been threatening him & his father. The two stories of both Eric & Miguel begin to unite as Javdani narrates the cause & effect of America & Colombia, showing how choices made in the U.S. can affect the harsh realities of Colombia’s drug cartel. By using parallelism in the stories of Eric & Miguel, Javdani identifies the factors contributing to high drug activity. â€Å"Eric & Miguel represent opposite poles in what the United States government refers to as the ‘war on drugs.’† Eric’s drug use symbolizes the demand of production in Colombia, where Miguel’s village is terrorized by the ruling drug lords & paramilitaries. The strategy that the writer uses to represent both Eric & Miguel is cause & effect. This use of parallelism combined with cause & effect is meant to emphasize two sides to the political turmoil of drug violence in Colombia. Javdani mentions that U.S. money being sent to Colombia is ineffective in its purpose, which is to enforce order over the high drug activity that rules Colombia. Because Colombia produces a majority of the world’s cocaine & heroine, the U.S believes that putting an end to the growth of the coca, a plant used for making cocaine & heroine, can stop the use of drugs in the states. But the billions of aid dollars sent to fund, supply, and train Colombian military units have only escalated the violent paramilitaries that support drug cartels. As a result of rebel drug lords having control, Colombians have no choice but to cooperate with the production of coca on their land. This approach to eliminating drug activity was obviously not successful, it is becoming easier to see that drug trafficking is market-driven; the end to the demand.

The Effects Of Self Disclosure On Performance Improvement...

ï‚ § Ensure creative climate and promote interaction for communicating the performance improvement strategies. †¢ Focus on the needs and interests of people communicate. Instead of winning the lottery or win over others how to beat you collect or provide information in a way that creates a climate for positive communication and transfer of accurate information. Communication tends to get things done and to maintain and build good will, because each understands the needs and interests of others. †¢ Self-Disclosure Related to demonstrate that they meet and feel about the current situation and provide information about the past that affect this reaction; In this way, they allow others to know more about you. This transparency, acceptance and†¦show more content†¦At first, anything new may feel unnatural or artificial, and you may be anxious to see the results. Therefore, the first steps in learning to appreciate the ideas of others is believing that others can contribute something worthwhile, listening intentionally to them, and perhaps even changing your way of thinking. Knowing that the rewards will benefit you should help keep you motivated. †¢ Be patient: Letting others influence your plans and thought process with their ideas isn’t something that happens all at once. One way to begin is to identify one specific decision or project on which you will seek and consider some outside opinions. As you do, be aware of your natural defenses and give some thought as to how you will respond. †¢ Be receptive: Listening to others or reading about the opinions of others can be valuable tool, aiding in your research, adding to your knowledge, and enriching your life and performance. †¢ Be respectful: Respecting the views and opinions of others is a vital life skill. Realize that their opinions have been formed by their experiences different than your own. Never tell someone that he or she is wrong. Bo Bennett says that doing that is â€Å"effective communication suicide.† Be reflective: On the heels of having been intentional about considering the ideas of others, take some time to consciously reflect on the process. What worked well? What would you change next time? Perhaps most importantly, what did you learn? Don’t limit yourShow MoreRelatedFinancial Education : An Organization For The World Of Economics And Finance905 Words   |  4 PagesFinancial Protection Bureau (CFPB), an established regulatory authority in the current financial market for consumer financial products such as checking and savings, payday loans, credit cards, and mortgages, to study â€Å"effective methods, tools, and strategies† and to make recommendations to improve financial education outcomes via the development of sound and effective financial programs. 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